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Turn plain-English questions into SQL with Pareto

Ask a question in plain English, get SQL from Pareto, and check that it returns the answer you expected without changing your data.

What it does

  1. Provide your question and a description of the database tables.
  2. Pareto writes a query to answer the question.
  3. Run it on a read-only test database and compare the answer with what you expected.

One example from our test

A catalog question from the fixed test set, with Pareto's first recorded answer.

Input excerpt

How many tracks are in the catalog? Return just the count.

Draft output

Query
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Track
Meaning
Count all rows in the Track table to get the total number of tracks in the catalog.
Check
Returned the expected count on both test databases without changing any data.

How well it works

Across 50 questions tested 3 times each, Pareto returned the expected rows on the first try for 49 questions when we took each question's middle result. GPT-6.1 Sol got 50 right. We report a tie: this test did not establish a clear difference.

GPT-6.1 Sol served by Azure through OpenRouter.

Both models were near the ceiling on this small synthetic set; the questions and expected answers still need human review, so these results do not establish accuracy on your database.

What it costs

Pareto: $1.55 per 1,000 questions, from measured usage at published rates.

GPT-6.1 Sol, served by Azure through OpenRouter: $2.04 per 1,000 questions, from measured usage at published rates.

These costs include recorded discounts for reused input text. Your inputs may cost a different amount.

Frontier answers at open-source prices

More intelligence, less cost

Pick a monthly allowance, or pay per token on Team.

Personal

$10/month

  • 50M tokens a week
  • 20 requests per minute
  • For one person
Choose Personal

Personal Max

$100/month

  • 600M tokens a week
  • 60 requests per minute
  • For one person
Choose Personal Max

Team

Pay as you go

  • Prepaid credits at published rates
  • 300 requests per minute
  • No weekly token cap
Get started with Team

Subscriptions are for one person and are not unlimited. New API accounts are reviewed by a person before access turns on, and commercial or production use needs a separate written agreement. Rates and limits are on Pricing.

Use it with your agent

Technical details, measured results and the files to run it yourself.

Hand this to your agent
Read https://unbiased.ai/use-cases/text-to-sql/agent.md and set up this recipe on this machine. Ask before writing files or secrets, and never ask me to paste my API key into chat.

It works on this machine, asks before writing files or secrets, and never needs your key in chat. Read the agent runbook

Quick answer and measured results

How do I check SQL generated by an LLM?

Send the schema and question to Pareto with a forced SQL tool call. Execute the query on a read-only database, then compare its rows with expected results. This recipe tests both an original and a changed seed; merely producing valid SQL does not count as correct.

First-pass execution accuracy: 0.9800 on 50 questions across 3 repeats, measured on Pareto 26.10, October 2026. These are generator-intended SQL labels, not independently reviewed human gold. Human review is pending.

Model
pareto
Base URL
https://api.unbiased.ai/v1
Comparison
tie: Pareto 0.9800 vs GPT-6.1 Sol 1.0000 (GPT-6.1 Sol, served by Azure through OpenRouter); measured on Pareto 26.10, October 2026

How did Pareto compare?

measured on Pareto 26.10, October 2026

Scores aggregated across repeats; spread summarizes individual runs.
MetricParetoGPT-6.1 Sol, served by Azure through OpenRouterVerdict
mean0.9800
Mean 0.9600; sample sd 0.0000; range 0.9600 to 0.9600
1.0000
Mean 1.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 1.0000 to 1.0000
tie
Difference -0.0200
invalid sql before retry0.0000
Mean 0.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 0.0000 to 0.0000
0.0000
Mean 0.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 0.0000 to 0.0000
tie
Difference 0.0000
invalid sql after retry0.0000
Mean 0.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 0.0000 to 0.0000
0.0000
Mean 0.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 0.0000 to 0.0000
tie
Difference 0.0000
accuracy after retry0.9800
Mean 0.9600; sample sd 0.0000; range 0.9600 to 0.9600
1.0000
Mean 1.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 1.0000 to 1.0000
tie
Difference -0.0200
easy correct19.0000
Mean 18.3333; sample sd 0.5774; range 18.0000 to 19.0000
20.0000
Mean 20.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 20.0000 to 20.0000
tie
Difference -1.0000
medium correct20.0000
Mean 20.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 20.0000 to 20.0000
20.0000
Mean 20.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 20.0000 to 20.0000
tie
Difference 0.0000
hard correct10.0000
Mean 9.6667; sample sd 0.5774; range 9.0000 to 10.0000
10.0000
Mean 10.0000; sample sd 0.0000; range 10.0000 to 10.0000
tie
Difference 0.0000
Full statistics

headline: Pareto 0.9800 vs baseline 1.0000; difference -0.0200; tie; 95% interval -0.0600 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.9600, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.9600 to 0.9600; baseline mean 1.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 1.0000 to 1.0000; better 0, tie 49, worse 1; sign p 1.0000.

invalid_sql_before_retry: Pareto 0.0000 vs baseline 0.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; baseline mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000.

invalid_sql_after_retry: Pareto 0.0000 vs baseline 0.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; baseline mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000.

accuracy_after_retry: Pareto 0.9800 vs baseline 1.0000; difference -0.0200; tie; 95% interval -0.0600 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.9600, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.9600 to 0.9600; baseline mean 1.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 1.0000 to 1.0000; better 0, tie 49, worse 1; sign p 1.0000.

easy_correct: Pareto 19.0000 vs baseline 20.0000; difference -1.0000; tie; 95% interval -3.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 18.3333, sample sd 0.5774, range 18.0000 to 19.0000; baseline mean 20.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 20.0000 to 20.0000; better 0, tie 49, worse 1; sign p 1.0000.

medium_correct: Pareto 20.0000 vs baseline 20.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 20.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 20.0000 to 20.0000; baseline mean 20.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 20.0000 to 20.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000.

hard_correct: Pareto 10.0000 vs baseline 10.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 9.6667, sample sd 0.5774, range 9.0000 to 10.0000; baseline mean 10.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 10.0000 to 10.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000.

Verdicts are computed from paired item resampling and the run ranges. Ties and losses stay in the record.

When not to use Pareto: do not connect this demo to a production database or use it for access control. It checks a small synthetic SQLite store, not your schema, permission rules or business definitions. Review the gold questions before treating the measured accuracy as evidence for your workload.

Run record

What data did we test?

50 test question items and 15 dev items. Source: Generator-intended questions on Chinook schema with new synthetic seed data; labels set by the generator, spot-checked by us (automated checks, human review pending). License: CC0. Generator models: Pareto (authoring agent; SQL intent fixed before question text), Python deterministic seed generator.

Tools and recipe

The scored client and framework options

The measured path uses Python's standard-library HTTP client and the OpenAI request format. Framework cards are setup pointers, not scored text-to-SQL integrations.

The recipe: generate SQL, then execute the check

The headline measures the first query. A syntax or safety failure permits one repair, recorded separately. Gold correctness never enters the repair prompt. The checker compares returned rows, not SQL strings.

  1. Get an Unbiased API key

    Choose a plan, then create a key in the Unbiased platform. A person reviews and approves new accounts. Set UNBIASED_API_KEY locally, never in chat or a source file.

  2. Save the frozen files in an empty folder

    Download the dataset, runner, recipe, checker and eval config from the dataset section. Read the source and license notes. This runner requires macOS with sandbox-exec and Python; planning additionally needs pip install tiktoken==0.14.0 in a virtualenv.

  3. Inspect the question and gold SQL

    The fixture has separate dev and test splits over a Chinook schema with synthetic rows. Labels describe the generator's intended SQL semantics. Review ambiguous questions and empty expected outputs before adapting this to your own data.

  4. Plan before making requests

    Run python3 -I run_eval.py --plan --arms pareto --split dev --limit 1. After approving that budget, use --generate in place of --plan. The recipe sends the schema, not database rows, to Pareto.

  5. Verify without API keys

    Unset API keys and run python3 -I run_eval.py --rescore RUN, replacing RUN with the output directory. This loads check.py inside the macOS sandbox; the checker is a module, not a standalone CLI. Inspect every mismatch before using generated SQL.

Measured in October 2026Model pareto-26.10. Run record.

Exact scored Python recipe

scored run

These are the exact published bytes. The runner uses Python HTTP requests rather than the OpenAI SDK. It forces submit_sql, rejects extra tool calls and executes SQL only through the sandboxed checker.

  • A read-only SQLite connection and authorizer deny writes, ATTACH, PRAGMA and file functions.
  • SQL length, returned rows and execution steps are bounded. This is not permission to run arbitrary SQL on a live database.
  • Keep the runner and recipe together with check.py, eval.json and fixture.jsonl.
recipe.py
"""MIT. Forced SQL tool, one bounded repair, checker executes in a sandbox."""
import json
from pathlib import Path
import sys

sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / 'lib'))
from sandbox import score as sandbox_score


def request(item, config):
    return {
        'messages': [
            {'role': 'system', 'content': config['prompt']},
            {'role': 'user', 'content': config['schema_sql'] + '\nQuestion: ' + item['text']},
        ],
        'tools': [{'type': 'function', 'function': {
            'name': 'submit_sql', 'description': 'Submit one read-only SQLite query.',
            'parameters': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {
                'sql': {'type': 'string'}, 'explanation': {'type': 'string'},
            }, 'required': ['sql', 'explanation'], 'additionalProperties': False},
        }}],
        'tool_choice': config['tool_choice'], 'parallel_tool_calls': False,
        'max_tokens': config['max_tokens'], 'reasoning_effort': config['reasoning_effort'],
    }


def generate(item, config, call):
    payload = request(item, config)
    response = call(payload)
    calls = response['choices'][0]['message'].get('tool_calls') or []
    try:
        if len(calls) != 1 or calls[0]['function']['name'] != 'submit_sql':
            raise ValueError('expected exactly one SQL call')
        arguments = json.loads(calls[0]['function']['arguments'])
        if not isinstance(arguments, dict):
            raise ValueError('expected object')
    except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
        arguments = {}
    # The checker executes only in a fresh OS sandbox. Gold accuracy is never
    # fed back: only syntax/safety validity controls the single repair request.
    checked = sandbox_score(Path(__file__).with_name('check.py'), item, arguments, config)
    if checked['secondary']['invalid_sql_before_retry']['score']:
        payload['messages'].append({'role': 'user', 'content': 'The previous response was not a single valid read-only SQLite query. Submit one corrected query. Previous SQL: ' + str(arguments.get('sql', ''))[:20000]})
        call(payload)


def plan_requests(item, config):
    first = request(item, config)
    second = request(item, config)
    second['messages'].append({'role': 'user', 'content': 'Repair invalid SQLite. Previous SQL: ' + 'query ' * config['max_tokens']})
    return [first, second]
run_eval.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Generated eval runner. Code: MIT. Requires Python 3.10+; --plan needs tiktoken==0.14.0."""
import sys, types
from pathlib import Path
runtime = types.ModuleType("runtime")
sys.modules["runtime"] = runtime
exec(compile('"""Key-free eval primitives. Only allowlisted records may leave this module."""\nimport email.utils\nimport gzip\nimport hashlib\nimport types\nimport json\nimport math\nimport os\nfrom pathlib import Path\nimport re\nimport shutil\nimport time\nimport urllib.error\nimport urllib.request\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\n\nPARETO_URL = "https://api.unbiased.ai/v1"\nBASELINE_URL = "https://api.openai.com/v1"\nBASELINE_MODEL = "gpt-6.1-sol"\nMAX_RAW_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024\nRAW_KEYS = frozenset("item_id arm repeat request_model response_model endpoint provider_served allow_fallbacks reasoning_effort max_tokens tool_choice tool_arguments finish_reason tokens response_id started_at errors invalid_tool_calls retries gold prediction score tp fp fn secondary latency_ms".split())\nSCORE_KEYS = frozenset("gold prediction score tp fp fn secondary".split())\nTOKEN_KEYS = ("input", "output", "cached", "reasoning")\nSECRET = re.compile(r"\\b(?:sk-(?:proj-|or-v1-)?[A-Za-z0-9_-]{16,}|xox[bcp]-[A-Za-z0-9-]{16,})")\n\n\ndef sha256(data):\n    return hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()\n\n\ndef json_bytes(value):\n    return (json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + "\\n").encode()\n\n\ndef jsonl_bytes(rows):\n    return ("".join(json.dumps(r, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"), allow_nan=False) + "\\n" for r in rows)).encode()\n\n\ndef read_rows(path):\n    data = Path(path).read_bytes()\n    if str(path).endswith(".gz"):\n        with gzip.open(path, "rb") as stream:\n            data = stream.read(MAX_RAW_BYTES + 1)\n    if len(data) > MAX_RAW_BYTES:\n        raise ValueError("raw/fixture exceeds size limit")\n    return [json.loads(line) for line in data.decode().splitlines() if line.strip()]\n\n\ndef approved_raw(row):\n    if set(row) - RAW_KEYS:\n        raise ValueError("raw contains unapproved fields")\n    if set(row.get("tokens", {})) != set(TOKEN_KEYS):\n        raise ValueError("raw usage shape mismatch")\n    t = row["tokens"]\n    if any(type(t[k]) is not int or t[k] < 0 for k in TOKEN_KEYS) or t["cached"] > t["input"] or t["reasoning"] > t["output"]:\n        raise ValueError("invalid usage tokens")\n    encoded = json.dumps(row, ensure_ascii=False, allow_nan=False)\n    if SECRET.search(encoded):\n        raise ValueError("raw contains a key-like string")\n    return row\n\n\nclass Limiter:\n    def __init__(self, rpm=18, clock=time.monotonic, sleep=time.sleep):\n        if not 0 < rpm <= 30:\n            raise ValueError("rpm must be positive and at most 30")\n        self.interval, self.clock, self.sleep = 60 / rpm, clock, sleep\n        self.next = 0\n\n    def wait(self):\n        delay = self.next - self.clock()\n        if delay > 0:\n            self.sleep(delay)\n        self.next = self.clock() + self.interval\n\n\ndef retry_after(value, now=None):\n    try:\n        return max(0, float(value))\n    except (TypeError, ValueError):\n        try:\n            when = email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime(value).timestamp()\n            return max(0, when - (time.time() if now is None else now))\n        except (TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError):\n            return None\n\n\ndef identity(arm, model, endpoint, response=None):\n    if arm == "baseline":\n        if model != BASELINE_MODEL or endpoint != BASELINE_URL:\n            raise ValueError("baseline request not allowlisted; OpenRouter is unverified and disabled")\n        if response is not None:\n            if not re.fullmatch(r"gpt-6\\.1-sol(?:-\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2})?", response.get("model", "")):\n                raise ValueError("baseline response model not allowlisted")\n            # Direct OpenAI is the provider attestation. A contradictory field\n            # still aborts, rather than silently relabeling a proxied response.\n            if response.get("provider", "OpenAI") != "OpenAI":\n                raise ValueError("baseline provider not OpenAI")\n    elif arm == "pareto":\n        if model != "pareto" or endpoint != PARETO_URL:\n            raise ValueError("Pareto request not allowlisted")\n        if response is not None and not re.fullmatch(r"pareto-\\d{2}\\.\\d{1,2}", response.get("model", "")):\n            raise ValueError("Pareto response release missing")\n    else:\n        raise ValueError("unknown arm")\n\n\ndef api_key(arm):\n    name = "UNBIASED_API_KEY" if arm == "pareto" else "OPENAI_API_KEY"\n    value = os.environ.get(name)\n    if not value and arm == "pareto":\n        path = Path.home() / ".claude/secrets/unbiased-api.key"\n        if path.is_file():\n            value = path.read_text().strip()\n    if not value:\n        raise ValueError("missing " + name)\n    return value\n\n\nclass NoRedirect(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):\n    def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):\n        raise ValueError("API redirects are forbidden")\n\n\nclass Client:\n    def __init__(self, arm, model, endpoint, key, limiter, opener=None, sleep=time.sleep, max_retries=3):\n        identity(arm, model, endpoint)\n        self.arm, self.model, self.endpoint = arm, model, endpoint\n        self.key, self.limiter, self.sleep, self.max_retries = key, limiter, sleep, max_retries\n        self.opener = opener or urllib.request.build_opener(NoRedirect()).open\n\n    def call(self, payload):\n        allowed = {"model", "messages", "tools", "tool_choice", "max_tokens", "reasoning_effort", "parallel_tool_calls"}\n        if set(payload) - allowed:\n            raise ValueError("request contains unapproved fields")\n        if any(not isinstance(m, dict) or m.get("content") is not None and not isinstance(m["content"], str) for m in payload.get("messages", [])):\n            raise ValueError("only text messages are supported")\n        encoded = json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False)\n        if self.key in encoded or SECRET.search(encoded):\n            raise ValueError("request contains a key-like string")\n        if payload.get("model", self.model) != self.model:\n            raise ValueError("recipe changed model")\n        body = dict(payload, model=self.model)\n        retries = 0\n        while True:\n            self.limiter.wait()\n            req = urllib.request.Request(self.endpoint + "/chat/completions", data=json_bytes(body), headers={"Authorization": "Bearer " + self.key, "Content-Type": "application/json"})\n            try:\n                with self.opener(req, timeout=120) as resp:\n                    data = resp.read(MAX_RAW_BYTES + 1)\n                    if len(data) > MAX_RAW_BYTES:\n                        raise ValueError("API response exceeds size limit")\n                    response = json.loads(data)\n                identity(self.arm, self.model, self.endpoint, response)\n                output = json.dumps(response, ensure_ascii=False)\n                if self.key in output or SECRET.search(output):\n                    raise ValueError("model output contains a key-like string")\n                return response, retries\n            except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:\n                if error.code not in (429, 500, 502, 503, 504) or retries >= self.max_retries:\n                    raise ValueError("API request failed (HTTP %s); body withheld" % error.code) from None\n                delay = retry_after(error.headers.get("Retry-After"))\n                error.close()\n                self.sleep(delay if delay is not None else min(60, 2 ** retries))\n                retries += 1\n            except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError):\n                # Do not retry an ambiguous completed request automatically.\n                raise ValueError("API transport failed; inspect partial run before resuming") from None\n\n\ndef usage(response):\n    u = response.get("usage", {})\n    return {"input": u.get("prompt_tokens", 0), "output": u.get("completion_tokens", 0),\n            "cached": (u.get("prompt_tokens_details") or {}).get("cached_tokens", 0),\n            "reasoning": (u.get("completion_tokens_details") or {}).get("reasoning_tokens", 0)}\n\n\ndef score_record(item, arguments, checker, config):\n    scored = checker.score(item, arguments, config)\n    if not isinstance(scored, dict) or set(scored) - SCORE_KEYS:\n        raise ValueError("checker returned unapproved fields")\n    shape = {"majority_label": ("gold", "prediction"), "median": ("score",), "summed_counts": ("tp", "fp", "fn")}\n    def check(payload, aggregation):\n        required = shape[aggregation]\n        if set(payload) != set(required):\n            raise ValueError("checker record shape mismatch")\n        if aggregation == "median" and (type(payload["score"]) not in (int, float) or not math.isfinite(payload["score"])):\n            raise ValueError("checker score must be finite")\n        if aggregation == "summed_counts" and any(type(payload[k]) is not int or payload[k] < 0 for k in required):\n            raise ValueError("checker counts must be nonnegative integers")\n    check({k: v for k, v in scored.items() if k != "secondary"}, config["aggregation"])\n    if config["aggregation"] == "majority_label" and scored["gold"] != item["gold"]:\n        raise ValueError("checker changed frozen gold")\n    secondary = scored.setdefault("secondary", {})\n    if set(secondary) != {s["id"] for s in config.get("secondary", [])}:\n        raise ValueError("checker secondary metrics mismatch")\n    for spec in config.get("secondary", []):\n        check(secondary[spec["id"]], spec["aggregation"])\n    return scored\n\n\ndef generate_record(item, arm, repeat, config, recipe, client):\n    started = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z")\n    begin = time.monotonic()\n    calls = []\n    def call(payload):\n        if payload.get("max_tokens") != config["max_tokens"] or payload.get("reasoning_effort") != config["reasoning_effort"]:\n            raise ValueError("recipe changed frozen token limit or reasoning effort")\n        choices = [config["tool_choice"], *config.get("tool_steps", [])]\n        if payload.get("tool_choice") not in choices or payload.get("tool_choice", {}).get("type") != "function":\n            raise ValueError("recipe changed frozen forced tool choice")\n        if not isinstance(payload.get("tools"), list) or not payload["tools"]:\n            raise ValueError("recipe requires tools")\n        response, retries = client.call(payload)\n        calls.append((response, retries, payload["tool_choice"]))\n        return response\n    # generate may implement a dependent tool loop using this checked call.\n    if hasattr(recipe, "generate"):\n        recipe.generate(item, config, call)\n    else:\n        call(recipe.request(item, config))\n    if not calls:\n        raise ValueError("recipe did not call the model")\n    response = calls[-1][0]\n    final = calls[-1][2]\n    if final != config["tool_choice"]:\n        raise ValueError("loop must end on the frozen forced tool choice")\n    choice = response["choices"][0]\n    tools = choice.get("message", {}).get("tool_calls", [])\n    invalid = 0\n    arguments = {}\n    try:\n        if len(tools) != 1 or tools[0]["function"]["name"] != final["function"]["name"]:\n            raise ValueError("expected exactly one final named tool call")\n        arguments = json.loads(tools[0]["function"]["arguments"])\n        if not isinstance(arguments, dict):\n            raise ValueError("tool arguments must be an object")\n    except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):\n        arguments, invalid = {}, 1\n    if config.get("capture_attempts"):\n        attempts = []\n        for result, _, forced in calls:\n            tool_calls = result["choices"][0].get("message", {}).get("tool_calls", [])\n            try:\n                if len(tool_calls) != 1 or tool_calls[0]["function"]["name"] != forced["function"]["name"]:\n                    raise ValueError("expected one tool call")\n                parsed = json.loads(tool_calls[0]["function"]["arguments"])\n                if not isinstance(parsed, dict):\n                    raise ValueError("expected object")\n                attempts.append(parsed)\n            except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):\n                attempts.append({})\n        arguments = {"attempts": attempts}\n        invalid = sum(not a for a in attempts)\n    models = {r["model"] for r, _, _ in calls}\n    if len(models) != 1:\n        raise ValueError("served model changed within item")\n    row = {"item_id": item["item_id"], "arm": arm, "repeat": repeat,\n           "request_model": client.model, "response_model": response["model"], "endpoint": client.endpoint,\n           "provider_served": "OpenAI" if arm == "baseline" else "Unbiased", "allow_fallbacks": False,\n           "reasoning_effort": config["reasoning_effort"], "max_tokens": config["max_tokens"], "tool_choice": config["tool_choice"],\n           "tool_arguments": arguments, "finish_reason": "length" if any(r["choices"][0]["finish_reason"] == "length" for r, _, _ in calls) else choice["finish_reason"],\n           "tokens": {k: sum(usage(r)[k] for r, _, _ in calls) for k in TOKEN_KEYS},\n           "response_id": ",".join(r["id"] for r, _, _ in calls), "started_at": started, "errors": 0,\n           "invalid_tool_calls": invalid, "retries": sum(n for _, n, _ in calls), "latency_ms": round((time.monotonic() - begin) * 1000)}\n    return approved_raw(row)\n\n\ndef load_module(path, name):\n    module = types.ModuleType(name)\n    module.__file__ = str(path)\n    exec(compile(Path(path).read_bytes(), str(path), "exec"), module.__dict__)\n    return module\n\n\ndef retain_runs(directory):\n    # Only directories created by this runner (with its marker) are eligible.\n    runs = sorted(p for p in directory.iterdir() if p.is_dir() and not p.is_symlink() and (p / "manifest.json").is_file())\n    for old in runs[:-2]:\n        manifest = json.loads((old / "manifest.json").read_text())\n        if manifest.get("format") != "uc-eval-run-v1":\n            raise ValueError("refusing to remove unrecognized run")\n        if set(p.name for p in old.iterdir()) - {"manifest.json", "raw.jsonl.gz", "scored.jsonl.gz", "receipt.json"}:\n            raise ValueError("refusing to remove run with unexpected files")\n        shutil.rmtree(old)\n\n\ndef write_raw(path, rows):\n    data = jsonl_bytes([approved_raw(row) for row in rows])\n    if len(data) > MAX_RAW_BYTES:\n        raise ValueError("raw log exceeds size limit")\n    Path(path).write_bytes(gzip.compress(data, mtime=0))\n', "runtime", "exec"), runtime.__dict__)
sandbox = types.ModuleType("sandbox")
sys.modules["sandbox"] = sandbox
exec(compile('"""Local macOS checker sandbox. No keys, network, child processes or host writes."""\nimport json\nimport os\nfrom pathlib import Path\nimport signal\nimport subprocess\nimport sys\nimport tempfile\nimport time\n\n\n# This worker is trusted code. Generated Python may execute only after the\n# sandbox and rlimits are active. Checker modules must use in-process unittest,\n# not subprocesses. Each score gets a fresh interpreter and empty working dir.\nWORKER = r\'\'\'\nimport json, resource, sys, types\nfrom pathlib import Path\ncpu, memory = int(sys.argv[1]), int(sys.argv[2])\nresource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CPU, (cpu, cpu))\n# macOS rejects a small RLIMIT_DATA for modern Python. RSS is supervised\n# by the parent; CPU/file/core/descriptor limits are still enforced here.\nresource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (1048576, 1048576))\nresource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, (0, 0))\nresource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (64, 64))\npayload = json.loads(Path(\'input.json\').read_text())\nchecker = types.ModuleType(\'uc_checker\')\nchecker.__file__ = str(Path(\'check.py\').resolve())\nexec(compile(Path(\'check.py\').read_bytes(), \'check.py\', \'exec\'), checker.__dict__)\nresult = checker.score(payload[\'item\'], payload[\'arguments\'], payload[\'config\'])\nPath(\'result.json\').write_text(json.dumps(result, allow_nan=False))\n\'\'\'\n\n\ndef score(checker_path, item, arguments, config, *, cpu_seconds=5, memory_mb=256, wall_seconds=10):\n    if sys.platform != \'darwin\' or not Path(\'/usr/bin/sandbox-exec\').is_file():\n        raise RuntimeError(\'macOS sandbox-exec is required; no unsandboxed fallback\')\n    if cpu_seconds < 1 or memory_mb < 16 or wall_seconds <= 0:\n        raise ValueError(\'invalid sandbox limits\')\n    memory = memory_mb * 1024 * 1024\n    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix=\'uc-sandbox-\') as directory:\n        work = Path(directory).resolve()\n        (work / \'check.py\').write_bytes(Path(checker_path).read_bytes())\n        (work / \'input.json\').write_text(json.dumps({\'item\': item, \'arguments\': arguments, \'config\': config}))\n        # No blanket file-read: this machine has credentials. Python and OS\n        # libraries are read-only; only this fresh directory is writable.\n        roots = sorted({str(Path(sys.base_prefix).resolve()), sys.base_prefix, \'/System/Library\', \'/usr/lib\', \'/Library/Apple\', \'/private/var/db/dyld\', \'/opt/homebrew/Cellar/sqlite\', \'/opt/homebrew/opt/sqlite/lib\'})\n        profile = \'(version 1)(deny default)(allow process-exec)(allow sysctl-read)\'\n        profile += \'(allow file-read-metadata)(allow file-read* (literal "/"))\'\n        profile += \'(allow file-read* \' + \' \'.join(\'(subpath \' + json.dumps(p) + \')\' for p in roots + [str(work)]) + \')\'\n        profile += \'(allow file-read* (literal \' + json.dumps(str(Path(sys.executable).resolve())) + \') (literal "/dev/urandom") (literal "/dev/null"))\'\n        profile += \'(allow file-write* (subpath \' + json.dumps(str(work)) + \') (literal "/dev/null"))\'\n        # Default-deny includes network*, process-fork, mach lookup and host IO.\n        env = {\'PATH\': \'/usr/bin:/bin\', \'HOME\': str(work), \'TMPDIR\': str(work), \'LC_ALL\': \'C\', \'PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE\': \'1\'}\n        command = [\'/usr/bin/sandbox-exec\', \'-p\', profile, str(Path(sys.executable).resolve()), \'-I\', \'-B\', \'-c\', WORKER, str(cpu_seconds), str(memory)]\n        proc = subprocess.Popen(command, cwd=work, env=env, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, start_new_session=True)\n        deadline = time.monotonic() + wall_seconds\n        try:\n            while proc.poll() is None:\n                if time.monotonic() >= deadline:\n                    raise TimeoutError(\'sandbox wall-time limit\')\n                # macOS does not enforce RLIMIT_RSS; supervise resident memory\n                # too. Fork is denied, so there can be no uncounted descendants.\n                rss = subprocess.run([\'/bin/ps\', \'-o\', \'rss=\', \'-p\', str(proc.pid)], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=1)\n                if rss.returncode == 0 and rss.stdout.strip() and int(rss.stdout.strip()) * 1024 > memory:\n                    raise MemoryError(\'sandbox resident-memory limit\')\n                time.sleep(0.02)\n            if proc.returncode != 0:\n                raise RuntimeError(\'sandbox checker failed\')\n            result = work / \'result.json\'\n            if result.is_symlink() or result.stat().st_size > 1048576:\n                raise ValueError(\'invalid sandbox result\')\n            return json.loads(result.read_text())\n        finally:\n            if proc.poll() is None:\n                os.killpg(proc.pid, signal.SIGKILL)\n            proc.wait(timeout=2)\n', "sandbox", "exec"), sandbox.__dict__)
app = types.ModuleType("uc_app")
exec(compile('"""CLI shared by the private runner and generated per-page downloads."""\nimport argparse\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\nimport json\nimport math\nimport os\nfrom pathlib import Path\nimport re\nimport subprocess\nimport sys\n\nfrom runtime import (BASELINE_MODEL, BASELINE_URL, PARETO_URL, SCORE_KEYS, TOKEN_KEYS,\n                     Client, Limiter, api_key, approved_raw, generate_record, identity,\n                     json_bytes, load_module, read_rows, retain_runs, score_record,\n                     sha256, write_raw)\n\n\ndef canon(root):\n    script = "import {ACQUISITION_PLANS} from \'./scripts/claims.mjs\';import {readFileSync} from \'node:fs\';console.log(JSON.stringify({personal:ACQUISITION_PLANS.personal,prices:JSON.parse(readFileSync(\'data/prices.json\')).models}))"\n    return json.loads(subprocess.check_output(["node", "--input-type=module", "-e", script], cwd=root, timeout=10))\n\n\ndef load_page(root, slug, published=None):\n    source = published or root / "scripts/evals" / slug\n    data = published or root / "data/use-case-evals" / slug\n    config = json.loads((source / "eval.json").read_text())\n    items = read_rows(data / "fixture.jsonl")\n    if not items or any(not isinstance(i.get("item_id"), str) or not i["item_id"] or i.get("split") not in ("dev", "test") or not isinstance(i.get("text"), str) for i in items):\n        raise ValueError("fixture needs item_id, dev/test split and text")\n    if len({i["item_id"] for i in items}) != len(items):\n        raise ValueError("duplicate fixture ids")\n    for key, file in (("fixture_sha256", data / "fixture.jsonl"), ("recipe_sha256", source / "recipe.py"), ("checker_sha256", source / "check.py")):\n        if config.get(key) != sha256(file.read_bytes()):\n            raise ValueError("frozen " + key + " mismatch")\n    if config.get("runner_sha256") != sha256((source / "run_eval.py").read_bytes()):\n        raise ValueError("frozen runner_sha256 mismatch; generate runner before freezing eval.json")\n    if type(config.get("max_tokens")) is not int or config["max_tokens"] < 1 or not config.get("reasoning_effort"):\n        raise ValueError("freeze max_tokens and reasoning_effort")\n    if config.get("tool_choice", {}).get("type") != "function" or not config["tool_choice"].get("function", {}).get("name"):\n        raise ValueError("freeze a forced named tool_choice")\n    return source, data, config, items\n\n\ndef token_counter():\n    try:\n        import tiktoken\n    except ImportError:\n        raise ValueError("--plan requires tiktoken (python3 -m pip install tiktoken==0.14.0); no character-count fallback") from None\n    encoding = tiktoken.get_encoding("o200k_base")\n    return lambda text: len(encoding.encode(text, disallowed_special=()))\n\n\ndef make_plan(slug, config, items, recipe, arms, repeats, split, limit, rpm, pricing, count=None):\n    count = count or token_counter()\n    selected = [i for i in items if i["split"] == split][:limit]\n    dev = [i for i in items if i["split"] == "dev"][:limit]\n    if not selected:\n        raise ValueError("no items in selected split")\n    def budget(rows, n):\n        inputs = outputs = requests = 0\n        for item in rows:\n            # A loop recipe must supply all planned calls, including expected\n            # tool context. These are estimates, never measured API usage.\n            payloads = recipe.plan_requests(item, config) if hasattr(recipe, "plan_requests") else [recipe.request(item, config)]\n            if not payloads:\n                raise ValueError("recipe planning returned no requests")\n            for payload in payloads:\n                serialized = json.dumps({k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k != "model"}, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True)\n                inputs += count(serialized)\n                outputs += config["max_tokens"]\n                requests += 1\n        return {"requests": requests * n, "input": inputs * n, "output": outputs * n}\n    scored = budget(selected, repeats)\n    tuning = budget(dev, config.get("tuning_repeats", 1))\n    total = {k: scored[k] * 2 + tuning[k] for k in scored}\n    weekly = pricing["personal"]["weeklyMillions"] * 1e6\n    price = next(p for p in pricing["prices"] if p["id"] == "gpt-6-1-sol")\n    n = len(selected)\n    # Paired bounded item differences in [-1,1], worst-case SD=1. Normal\n    # approximation, alpha=.05 two-sided and 80% power. Not a bootstrap result.\n    # Nonlinear set metrics require a dev SD on the metric\'s own scale.\n    metric = config["headline"]["metric"]\n    sd = config.get("planning", {}).get("paired_difference_sd")\n    assumption = "dev paired-difference SD on headline scale"\n    if sd is None and metric in ("accuracy", "mean", "count"):\n        bounds = config.get("planning", {}).get("score_bounds", [0, 1] if metric == "accuracy" else None)\n        if bounds and len(bounds) == 2 and bounds[1] > bounds[0]:\n            sd, assumption = bounds[1] - bounds[0], "worst-case bounded paired differences"\n    mde = None if sd is None else (1.959964 + 0.841621) * sd / math.sqrt(n)\n    if mde is not None and metric == "count":\n        mde *= n\n    return {"slug": slug, "split": split, "items": n, "repeats": repeats, "arms": arms,\n            "tokenizer": "o200k_base; serialized messages/tools and request overhead estimate",\n            "per_arm_scored": scored, "per_arm_tuning": tuning, "per_arm_rerun": scored,\n            "requests": total["requests"] * len(arms), "tokens": (total["input"] + total["output"]) * len(arms),\n            "output_assumption": "max_tokens per request including reasoning; cache savings not assumed; retries extra",\n            "personal_week_share_percent": (total["input"] + total["output"]) / weekly * 100 if "pareto" in arms else 0,\n            "personal_weekly_tokens": weekly, "rpm": rpm, "minutes": total["requests"] * len(arms) / rpm,\n            "baseline_cost_usd": (total["input"] * price["input_usd_per_mtok"] + total["output"] * price["output_usd_per_mtok"]) / 1e6 if "baseline" in arms else 0,\n            "minimum_detectable_difference": mde,\n            "mde_assumptions": assumption + "; approximate 95% confidence, 80% power, paired items not repeats; verdict also must exceed observed run ranges" if mde is not None else "not estimable for nonlinear headline without planning.paired_difference_sd from dev data; accept likely tie or supply SD"}\n\n\ndef checked_manifest(run, source, data):\n    manifest = json.loads((run / "manifest.json").read_text())\n    if manifest.get("format") != "uc-eval-run-v1":\n        raise ValueError("unknown run format")\n    for name, path in (("fixture.jsonl", data / "fixture.jsonl"), ("eval.json", source / "eval.json"), ("recipe.py", source / "recipe.py"), ("check.py", source / "check.py"), ("run_eval.py", source / "run_eval.py")):\n        if manifest["hashes"][name] != sha256(path.read_bytes()):\n            raise ValueError("run inputs changed: " + name)\n    if manifest.get("status") != "complete":\n        raise ValueError("run incomplete; inspect partial evidence before new generation")\n    if manifest["raw_sha256"] != sha256((run / "raw.jsonl.gz").read_bytes()):\n        raise ValueError("raw hash mismatch")\n    return manifest\n\n\ndef rescore(run, source, data, config, items):\n    if run.resolve().is_relative_to(data.resolve()) or run.resolve().is_relative_to(source.resolve()):\n        raise ValueError("rescore output must stay outside published evidence")\n    manifest = checked_manifest(run, source, data)\n    rows = read_rows(run / "raw.jsonl.gz")\n    selected = [i for i in items if i["split"] == manifest["split"]][:manifest["limit"]]\n    ids = {i["item_id"]: i for i in selected}\n    expected = {(i, a, r) for i in ids for a in manifest["arms"] for r in range(1, manifest["repeats"] + 1)}\n    seen = set()\n    if source.name == \'ai-unit-test-generation\' or config.get(\'sandbox\') == \'macos\':\n        from sandbox import score as sandbox_score\n        from types import SimpleNamespace\n        checker = SimpleNamespace(score=lambda item, arguments, config: sandbox_score(source / \'check.py\', item, arguments, config))\n    else:\n        checker = load_module(source / "check.py", "uc_checker")\n    scored = []\n    for row in rows:\n        approved_raw(row)\n        key = (row["item_id"], row["arm"], row["repeat"])\n        if key not in expected or key in seen:\n            raise ValueError("raw item/arm/repeat mismatch")\n        seen.add(key)\n        identity(row["arm"], row["request_model"], row["endpoint"], {"model": row["response_model"], "provider": row["provider_served"]})\n        if row["allow_fallbacks"] is not False or row["max_tokens"] != config["max_tokens"] or row["reasoning_effort"] != config["reasoning_effort"] or row["tool_choice"] != config["tool_choice"]:\n            raise ValueError("raw frozen request mismatch")\n        clean = {k: v for k, v in row.items() if k not in SCORE_KEYS}\n        clean.update(score_record(ids[row["item_id"]], row["tool_arguments"], checker, config))\n        scored.append(clean)\n    if seen != expected:\n        raise ValueError("raw missing items")\n    write_raw(run / "scored.jsonl.gz", scored)\n    return manifest, scored\n\n\ndef generate(slug, source, data, config, items, args, client_factory=None):\n    selected = [i for i in items if i["split"] == args.split][:args.limit]\n    if not selected:\n        raise ValueError("no items in selected split")\n    recipe = load_module(source / "recipe.py", "uc_recipe")\n    limiter = Limiter(args.rpm)\n    factory = client_factory or (lambda arm: Client(arm, "pareto" if arm == "pareto" else BASELINE_MODEL, PARETO_URL if arm == "pareto" else BASELINE_URL, api_key(arm), limiter))\n    clients = {arm: factory(arm) for arm in args.arms}\n    directory = Path(args.out).resolve() / slug\n    if directory.is_relative_to(data.resolve()) or directory.is_relative_to(source.resolve()) or \'data/use-case-evals\' in directory.as_posix():\n        raise ValueError("generation output must stay outside published evidence")\n    directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n    run = directory / datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S-%fZ")\n    run.mkdir()\n    manifest = {"format": "uc-eval-run-v1", "slug": slug, "status": "incomplete", "split": args.split,\n                "limit": args.limit, "arms": args.arms, "repeats": args.repeats,\n                "hashes": {name: sha256(path.read_bytes()) for name, path in (("fixture.jsonl", data / "fixture.jsonl"), ("eval.json", source / "eval.json"), ("recipe.py", source / "recipe.py"), ("check.py", source / "check.py"), ("run_eval.py", source / "run_eval.py"))}}\n    if getattr(args, \'freeze_sha\', None):\n        manifest[\'freeze_sha\'] = args.freeze_sha\n    (run / "manifest.json").write_bytes(json_bytes(manifest))\n    retain_runs(directory)\n    rows = []\n    try:\n        for repeat in range(1, args.repeats + 1):\n            for item in selected:\n                for arm in args.arms:\n                    rows.append(generate_record(item, arm, repeat, config, recipe, clients[arm]))\n                    # Persist each completed item so a timeout leaves evidence.\n                    write_raw(run / "raw.jsonl.gz", rows)\n        manifest["status"] = "complete"\n    finally:\n        if (run / "raw.jsonl.gz").exists():\n            manifest["raw_sha256"] = sha256((run / "raw.jsonl.gz").read_bytes())\n        (run / "manifest.json").write_bytes(json_bytes(manifest))\n    return run\n\n\ndef write_receipt(root, slug, source, data, run, manifest, rows, config, pending=False):\n    expected_arms = {\'pareto\'} if pending else {\'pareto\', \'baseline\'}\n    if manifest["split"] != "test" or set(manifest["arms"]) != expected_arms or manifest["limit"] is not None or manifest["repeats"] != config["repeats"] or config["repeats"] < (5 if slug == "llm-as-a-judge" else 3):\n        raise ValueError("receipt needs full paired frozen test repeats with no --limit")\n    git = lambda *args: subprocess.check_output(["git", *args], cwd=root, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, timeout=10)\n    freeze = manifest.get(\'freeze_sha\') or config.get("freeze_sha") or git("rev-parse", "HEAD").decode().strip()\n    git("merge-base", "--is-ancestor", freeze, "HEAD")\n    freeze_time = int(git("show", "-s", "--format=%ct", freeze))\n    for path in (source / "eval.json", source / "recipe.py", source / "check.py", source / "run_eval.py", data / "fixture.jsonl"):\n        if git("show", freeze + ":" + path.relative_to(root).as_posix()) != path.read_bytes():\n            raise ValueError("changed after freeze: " + path.name)\n    dates = {r["started_at"][:10] for r in rows}\n    if not dates or any(datetime.fromisoformat(r["started_at"].replace("Z", "+00:00")).timestamp() <= freeze_time for r in rows):\n        raise ValueError("receipt must follow freeze")\n    arms = {}\n    for arm in sorted(expected_arms):\n        subset = [r for r in rows if r["arm"] == arm]\n        models = {r["response_model"] for r in subset}\n        if len(models) != 1 or len({r["response_id"] for r in subset}) != len(subset) or any(r["errors"] for r in subset):\n            raise ValueError("run has errors, reused ids or changed model")\n        if not any(len({json.dumps(r["tool_arguments"], sort_keys=True) for r in subset if r["item_id"] == item}) > 1 for item in {r["item_id"] for r in subset}):\n            raise ValueError("repeat independence: identical outputs")\n        runs = []\n        for repeat in range(1, config["repeats"] + 1):\n            records = [r for r in subset if r["repeat"] == repeat]\n            runs.append({"repeat": repeat, "tokens": {k: sum(r["tokens"][k] for r in records) for k in TOKEN_KEYS},\n                         **{k: sum(r[k] for r in records) for k in ("errors", "invalid_tool_calls", "retries")},\n                         "truncations": sum(r["finish_reason"] == "length" for r in records),\n                         "response_ids_sha": sha256(json.dumps([r["response_id"] for r in records], ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":")).encode())})\n        arms[arm] = {"model": subset[0]["request_model"], "endpoint": subset[0]["endpoint"], "max_tokens": config["max_tokens"], "runs": runs}\n        if arm == "pareto":\n            arms[arm]["response_model"] = subset[0]["response_model"]\n        else:\n            arms[arm].update(label="GPT-6.1 Sol", provider_served="OpenAI", reasoning_effort=config["reasoning_effort"])\n    fixture = read_rows(data / "fixture.jsonl")\n    prefix = data.relative_to(root).as_posix() + "/"\n    evaluation = {"schema": 2, "runner": (source / "run_eval.py").relative_to(root).as_posix(), "pareto_release": arms["pareto"]["response_model"],\n                  "fixture": {"path": prefix + "fixture.jsonl", "sha256": config["fixture_sha256"], "items": sum(i["split"] == "test" for i in fixture), "dev_items": sum(i["split"] == "dev" for i in fixture), "split": "test", **config["fixture_source"]},\n                  "prompt_sha256": sha256(config["prompt"].encode()), "recipe_sha256": config["recipe_sha256"], "eval_json_sha256": sha256((source / "eval.json").read_bytes()),\n                  "freeze_sha": freeze, **{k: config[k] for k in ("repeats", "seed", "unit", "aggregation", "headline", "secondary")}, "arms": arms, "variants": config.get("variants", {}),\n                  "raw": {"path": prefix + "runs/" + run.name + "/raw.jsonl.gz", "sha256": sha256((run / "scored.jsonl.gz").read_bytes())}}\n    if pending:\n        evaluation[\'baseline_status\'] = \'pending\'\n    receipt = {"date": max(dates), "result": "pass", "eval": evaluation}\n    candidate = run / "receipt.json"\n    candidate.write_bytes(json_bytes(receipt))\n    # Node owns schema/metric validation; validate before changing published data.\n    subprocess.run(["node", str(root / "scripts/evals/validate-receipt.mjs"), str(root), slug, str(candidate), str(run / "scored.jsonl.gz")], check=True, timeout=30, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)\n    target = root / evaluation["raw"]["path"]\n    target.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n    target.write_bytes((run / "scored.jsonl.gz").read_bytes())\n    checks_path = root / "data/use-case-checks.json"\n    # Use JSON.stringify for byte identity with the existing builder/gate.\n    subprocess.run(["node", "-e", "const fs=require(\'fs\');const [p,s,r]=process.argv.slice(1);const d=JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(p));const v=JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(r));d.checks[s]=v;fs.writeFileSync(p,JSON.stringify(d,null,2)+\'\\\\n\');fs.writeFileSync(process.argv[4],JSON.stringify(v,null,2)+\'\\\\n\')", str(checks_path), slug, str(candidate), str(data / "receipt.json")], check=True, timeout=10)\n    # Keep only latest and previous published raw run, never other files.\n    previous = sorted(p for p in (data / "runs").iterdir() if p.is_dir() and not p.is_symlink())\n    for old in previous[:-2]:\n        if old != target.parent and {p.name for p in old.iterdir()} == {"raw.jsonl.gz"}:\n            (old / "raw.jsonl.gz").unlink()\n            old.rmdir()\n\n\ndef merge_baseline(root, slug, source, data, run, config, items):\n    receipt = json.loads((data / \'receipt.json\').read_text())\n    current = json.loads((root / \'data/use-case-checks.json\').read_text())[\'checks\'][slug]\n    if receipt != current or receipt[\'eval\'].get(\'baseline_status\') != \'pending\':\n        raise ValueError(\'merge requires the current pending receipt\')\n    e = receipt[\'eval\']\n    manifest, baseline = rescore(run, source, data, config, items)\n    if manifest[\'slug\'] != slug or manifest[\'arms\'] != [\'baseline\'] or manifest.get(\'freeze_sha\') != e[\'freeze_sha\']:\n        raise ValueError(\'baseline run must share the pending freeze sha\')\n    if manifest[\'split\'] != \'test\' or manifest[\'limit\'] is not None or manifest[\'repeats\'] != e[\'repeats\']:\n        raise ValueError(\'merge requires full frozen baseline repeats\')\n    for key, value in [(\'eval_json_sha256\', sha256((source / \'eval.json\').read_bytes())), (\'fixture\', config[\'fixture_sha256\'])]:\n        if (e[key][\'sha256\'] if key == \'fixture\' else e[key]) != value:\n            raise ValueError(\'pending frozen inputs changed\')\n    raw_path = (root / e[\'raw\'][\'path\']).resolve()\n    if not raw_path.is_relative_to(data.resolve()) or sha256(raw_path.read_bytes()) != e[\'raw\'][\'sha256\']:\n        raise ValueError(\'pending raw path/hash mismatch\')\n    pareto = read_rows(raw_path)\n    if any(r[\'arm\'] != \'pareto\' for r in pareto):\n        raise ValueError(\'pending raw contains another arm\')\n    # Revalidate the original receipt before combining, not just the new arm.\n    subprocess.run([\'node\', str(root / \'scripts/evals/validate-receipt.mjs\'), str(root), slug, str(data / \'receipt.json\'), str(raw_path)], check=True, timeout=30, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)\n    merged = dict(manifest, arms=[\'pareto\', \'baseline\'])\n    rows = pareto + baseline\n    write_raw(run / \'scored.jsonl.gz\', rows)\n    write_receipt(root, slug, source, data, run, merged, rows, config)\n\n\ndef main(root=None, published=None, pricing=None, slug_default=None):\n    root = Path(root).resolve() if root else None\n    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Two-phase use-case evals; no API calls in --plan or --rescore")\n    parser.add_argument("slug", nargs="?", default=slug_default)\n    parser.add_argument("--all", action="store_true")\n    modes = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n    modes.add_argument("--plan", action="store_true")\n    modes.add_argument("--generate", action="store_true")\n    modes.add_argument("--rescore", metavar="RUN")\n    modes.add_argument(\'--merge-baseline\', metavar=\'RUN\')\n    parser.add_argument(\'--pending\', action=\'store_true\')\n    parser.add_argument("--write-receipt", action="store_true")\n    parser.add_argument("--arms", help="default: both for planning, Pareto only for generation")\n    parser.add_argument("--repeats", type=int)\n    parser.add_argument("--split", choices=("dev", "test"), default="test")\n    parser.add_argument("--limit", type=int)\n    parser.add_argument("--rpm", type=float, default=18)\n    parser.add_argument("--out", default="/tmp/uc-smoke")\n    args = parser.parse_args()\n    if not (args.plan or args.generate or args.rescore or args.merge_baseline):\n        if args.write_receipt or args.arms:\n            args.generate = True\n        else:\n            parser.error(\'choose --plan, --generate, --rescore or --merge-baseline\')\n    if args.pending and (not args.write_receipt or args.plan or args.merge_baseline):\n        parser.error(\'--pending requires --write-receipt with generation or rescore\')\n    if args.merge_baseline and published:\n        parser.error(\'--merge-baseline requires the repository\')\n    args.arms = (args.arms or ("pareto,baseline" if args.plan else "pareto")).split(",")\n    if not args.arms or len(set(args.arms)) != len(args.arms) or set(args.arms) - {"pareto", "baseline"}:\n        parser.error("--arms must be pareto, baseline, or pareto,baseline")\n    if args.limit is not None and args.limit < 1 or args.repeats is not None and args.repeats < 1 or not 0 < args.rpm <= 30:\n        parser.error("positive limit/repeats and rpm <= 30 required")\n    if args.all and (not args.plan or args.slug and not published):\n        parser.error("--all is only supported for --plan without a slug")\n    if args.write_receipt and (args.plan or published):\n        parser.error("--write-receipt requires a repository generation or rescore")\n    if published and args.slug != slug_default:\n        parser.error("this download belongs to " + slug_default)\n    slugs = [args.slug] if args.slug else []\n    if args.all:\n        slugs = [slug_default] if published else sorted(p.parent.name for p in (root / "scripts/evals").glob("*/eval.json"))\n        if not slugs:\n            print("No eval pages yet. requests=0 tokens=0 baseline_cost_usd=0 minimum_detectable_difference=n/a")\n            return\n    if not slugs or any(not re.fullmatch(r"[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*", s) for s in slugs):\n        parser.error("provide a safe slug or --all --plan")\n    for slug in slugs:\n        source, data, config, items = load_page(root, slug, published)\n        repeats = args.repeats or config["repeats"]\n        if args.plan:\n            recipe = load_module(source / "recipe.py", "uc_recipe")\n            print(json.dumps(make_plan(slug, config, items, recipe, args.arms, repeats, args.split, args.limit, args.rpm, pricing or canon(root)), indent=2))\n            continue\n        args.repeats = repeats\n        if args.merge_baseline:\n            merge_baseline(root, slug, source, data, Path(args.merge_baseline).resolve(), config, items)\n            print(\'Merged baseline; rebuild pages and run check-use-case-evals\')\n            continue\n        if args.pending and args.generate and args.arms != [\'pareto\']:\n            parser.error(\'--pending generates Pareto only\')\n        if root:\n            pending_path = data / \'receipt.json\'\n            prior = json.loads(pending_path.read_text()) if pending_path.exists() else {}\n            args.freeze_sha = prior.get(\'eval\', {}).get(\'freeze_sha\') if prior.get(\'eval\', {}).get(\'baseline_status\') == \'pending\' else None\n            args.freeze_sha = args.freeze_sha or config.get(\'freeze_sha\') or subprocess.check_output([\'git\', \'rev-parse\', \'HEAD\'], cwd=root, timeout=10).decode().strip()\n        if args.generate:\n            run = generate(slug, source, data, config, items, args)\n            print("Generated unscored run: " + str(run))\n            if not args.write_receipt:\n                continue\n        else:\n            run = Path(args.rescore).resolve()\n        manifest, rows = rescore(run, source, data, config, items)\n        print("Rescored without API calls: " + str(run / "scored.jsonl.gz"))\n        if args.write_receipt:\n            write_receipt(root, slug, source, data, run, manifest, rows, config, pending=args.pending)\n            print("Wrote receipt; rebuild pages and run check-use-case-evals before committing")\n\n\ndef entry(**kwargs):\n    try:\n        main(**kwargs)\n    except Exception as error:\n        # Provider bodies, recipe exception text and environment values can\n        # contain keys. CLI failures disclose only their class, not payloads.\n        print("Eval stopped: " + type(error).__name__ + "; check configuration, hashes, dependencies and partial run artifacts", file=sys.stderr)\n        return 1\n    return 0\n', "uc_app", "exec"), app.__dict__)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(app.entry(published=Path(__file__).resolve().parent, pricing={'personal': {'name': 'Personal', 'monthly': 10, 'weeklyMillions': 50, 'rpm': 20, 'campaign': 'pricing_personal', 'label': 'Start Personal'}, 'prices': [{'id': 'claude-fable-5-1', 'name': 'Claude Fable 5.1', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'premium', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 10, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 50, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.025, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.25, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': 'Same rate card as Fable 5, but cache reads bill at 0.025x base input ($0.25/MTok) instead of the standard 0.1x. Uses the newer tokenizer.'}, {'id': 'claude-fable-5', 'name': 'Claude Fable 5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'premium', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 10, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 50, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 1, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27'}, {'id': 'claude-opus-5-5', 'name': 'Claude Opus 5.5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'frontier', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 4, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 20, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.05, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.2, 'cache_write_usd_per_mtok': 5, 'cache_write_multiplier': 1.25, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': "Verified 2026-10-27 on Anthropic's pricing page: $4 input / $20 output per MTok, 5-minute cache writes $5, 1-hour cache writes $8, cache reads $0.20 (0.05x input), batch $2 / $10. Full 1M context at standard pricing."}, {'id': 'claude-opus-5', 'name': 'Claude Opus 5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'frontier', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 5, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 25, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.5, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27'}, {'id': 'claude-opus-4-8', 'name': 'Claude Opus 4.8', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'frontier-prior', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 5, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 25, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.5, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27'}, {'id': 'claude-sonnet-5-5', 'name': 'Claude Sonnet 5.5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'mid', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 2, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 10, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.05, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.1, 'cache_write_usd_per_mtok': 2.5, 'cache_write_multiplier': 1.25, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': 'Verified 2026-10-27: $2 input / $10 output per MTok, cache reads $0.10 (0.05x input), 5-minute cache writes $2.50, batch 50% off. API model id claude-sonnet-5-5.'}, {'id': 'claude-sonnet-5', 'name': 'Claude Sonnet 5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'mid', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 2, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 10, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': '$2/$10 is now the standard rate. The increase to $3/$15 previously scheduled for 2026-09-01 was cancelled; Anthropic made the introductory price the standard price (platform release notes, August 10, 2026: https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/release-notes/overview).'}, {'id': 'claude-haiku-5-5', 'name': 'Claude Haiku 5.5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'volume', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 0.1, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 0.5, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.01, 'cache_write_usd_per_mtok': 0.125, 'cache_write_multiplier': 1.25, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': "Verified 2026-10-27 on Anthropic's pricing page: $0.10 input / $0.50 output per MTok for prompts up to 100,000 tokens; $0.50 / $2.50 for prompts over 100,000 tokens. 5-minute cache writes $0.125, 1-hour $0.20, cache reads $0.01. Batch $0.05 / $0.25 (up to 100K)."}, {'id': 'claude-haiku-4-5', 'name': 'Claude Haiku 4.5', 'provider': 'Anthropic', 'tier': 'volume', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 1, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 5, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.1, 'batch_discount': 0.5, 'source': 'https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/about-claude/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27'}, {'id': 'gpt-6-1-sol', 'name': 'GPT-6.1 Sol', 'provider': 'OpenAI', 'tier': 'frontier', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 2, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 10, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.1, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.05, 'source': 'https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': 'Verified 2026-10-27 against OpenAI Standard pricing, short context: $2 input / $0.10 cached input / $10 output per MTok. API model id gpt-6.1-sol.'}, {'id': 'gpt-6-luna', 'name': 'GPT-6 Luna', 'provider': 'OpenAI', 'tier': 'volume', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 0.1, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 0.5, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.01, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'source': 'https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/pricing', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': 'Verified 2026-10-27 against OpenAI Standard pricing, short context: $0.10 input / $0.01 cached input / $0.50 output per MTok. API model id gpt-6-luna.'}, {'id': 'pareto', 'name': 'Pareto', 'provider': 'Unbiased', 'tier': 'blended', 'source': 'https://unbiased.ai/pricing/', 'verified': '2026-10-27', 'note': 'Published Pareto rates. Blended model: several LLMs per request, one synthesized answer. Benchmark receipts on the model card.', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 0.8, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 3.2, 'cache_read_usd_per_mtok': 0.03, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.0375}, {'id': 'kimi-k3', 'name': 'Kimi K3', 'provider': 'Moonshot AI', 'tier': 'mid', 'input_usd_per_mtok': 3, 'output_usd_per_mtok': 15, 'cache_read_multiplier': 0.1, 'source': 'https://platform.kimi.ai/docs/pricing/chat', 'verified': '2026-10-27'}]}, slug_default='text-to-sql'))

Only the Python tab was scored, for both Pareto and the named baseline. Generated code and SQL remain inside the local macOS sandbox during checking.

SQLite execution checks · OpenAI-format API50M tokens a week

Recreated from the first scored Pareto response and its local checker. Not a screenshot. The aggregate line comes from the run record.
Model details and usage costs

What changes when this job runs on Pareto?

  • Your input and checksStay the same
  • Model stringpareto
  • Model selection and blendingPareto handles it

Check tool calls and error handling on your own work before relying on it.

One model string, several models behind it

Pareto is Unbiased’s blended AI model: it selects frontier and open models for each request and blends their outputs into one answer.

How a Pareto answer gets made →
An illustration, not a wiring diagram. The blend includes frontier and open models, and its composition can change.

What it costs on Pareto

One record is a schema and question plus the SQL response, including a repair if needed. Token counts below come from the measured runs of both arms.

Measured token cost
$1.55 vs $2.04
Pareto vs GPT-6.1 Sol per 1,000 records at published rates
One Pareto run
0.17%
of a Personal week; 85,205.667 tokens; 2.50 minutes at 20 requests a minute

Token costs include measured cache reads; output tokens already include reasoning. The run time is a request-rate floor, not measured latency. One record is one question, including any bounded repair. Plan selection does not itself authorize production use. Confirm commercial or production use in a separate written agreement with Unbiased before moving live traffic.

Questions about this recipe

Does valid SQL count as a correct answer?

No. The query must return the expected rows on both seeded databases. The checker preserves duplicate rows and checks ordering only when the gold query requests it. A valid query can still select the wrong columns or answer a different question.

What happens after invalid SQL?

The recipe allows one repair after a syntax or safety failure. It does not repair a valid but incorrect answer using the gold result. The headline remains first-pass accuracy; the results table also reports invalid SQL before and after repair.

Are these independently labeled questions?

No. The authoring agent wrote each question alongside its intended gold SQL. Automated checks verify execution, not natural-language meaning. Human review is pending. Some original-seed gold outputs are empty, which can let incorrect queries pass. Inspect SOURCE.md before relying on the result.

Could Pareto have seen Chinook before?

Yes. Chinook is common in public SQL tutorials. We use new synthetic rows and a changed seed, but that does not remove schema familiarity or guarantee an unbiased estimate of performance on new databases.

Can I point this recipe at my production database?

Not as written. It creates disposable SQLite stores, then reopens them read-only inside an operating-system sandbox. Production needs separate access controls, approved use, a reviewed schema and tests for your business definitions. A read-only query can still disclose sensitive data.

Does the model receive the expected answer?

The model receives the schema and question, not the gold SQL or seed rows. The local checker reads the gold query. Only an invalid-query signal can trigger repair; expected result rows are never sent back to the model.

How does Pareto compare to GPT-6.1 Sol on this?

headline: Pareto 0.9800 vs baseline 1.0000; difference -0.0200; tie; 95% interval -0.0600 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.9600, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.9600 to 0.9600; baseline mean 1.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 1.0000 to 1.0000; better 0, tie 49, worse 1; sign p 1.0000. invalid_sql_before_retry: Pareto 0.0000 vs baseline 0.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; baseline mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000. invalid_sql_after_retry: Pareto 0.0000 vs baseline 0.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; baseline mean 0.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.0000 to 0.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000. accuracy_after_retry: Pareto 0.9800 vs baseline 1.0000; difference -0.0200; tie; 95% interval -0.0600 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 0.9600, sample sd 0.0000, range 0.9600 to 0.9600; baseline mean 1.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 1.0000 to 1.0000; better 0, tie 49, worse 1; sign p 1.0000. easy_correct: Pareto 19.0000 vs baseline 20.0000; difference -1.0000; tie; 95% interval -3.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 18.3333, sample sd 0.5774, range 18.0000 to 19.0000; baseline mean 20.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 20.0000 to 20.0000; better 0, tie 49, worse 1; sign p 1.0000. medium_correct: Pareto 20.0000 vs baseline 20.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 20.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 20.0000 to 20.0000; baseline mean 20.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 20.0000 to 20.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000. hard_correct: Pareto 10.0000 vs baseline 10.0000; difference 0.0000; tie; 95% interval 0.0000 to 0.0000; Pareto mean 9.6667, sample sd 0.5774, range 9.0000 to 10.0000; baseline mean 10.0000, sample sd 0.0000, range 10.0000 to 10.0000; better 0, tie 50, worse 0; sign p 1.0000. Baseline arm: GPT-6.1 Sol, served by Azure through OpenRouter. measured on Pareto 26.10, October 2026

What happens when I hit the weekly allowance?

Requests over your plan’s limits return an HTTP 429 error. Personal includes 50M tokens a week and 20 requests per minute. Personal Max raises that to 600M a week and 60 requests per minute for $100/month. Team uses prepaid pay-as-you-go credits with no weekly token cap.

Do I choose between models?

No. You send every request to one model string, pareto. Pareto selects frontier and open models for each request and blends their outputs into one answer.

Is my code kept?

Personal and Personal Max are not our zero data retention tier: prompts and responses may be kept up to 30 days, as section 5(c) of the Terms explains. For work that must not be kept, ask about the Zero Data Retention API on the Private AI page.

Same key, same model string, different job. See every use case. Or find your tool on Works with.

Product names belong to their owners. Unbiased is not affiliated with or endorsed by the makers of the tools on this page.

Test the question behind the query

Start with the frozen SQLite recipe, then review expected answers for your own schema. Pareto starts at $10 a month for 50M tokens a week.